When the head is moved violently, the brain moves around in the skull. The heaviest part of the brain puts a lot of pressure on the brainstem, which can be twisted and pulled during the blow as the rest of the brain moves out of place.
That twisting and pulling can cause brain circuits to break, or lose their insulation, or get kinked up, and that shuts off parts of the brain. If the part of the brainstem responsible for consciousness is affected, then you would be knocked out. Thanks to further research into concussions, we now know that, in about 90 percent of diagnosed concussions, there is no loss of consciousness. During any severe blow to the head, the same thing is happening. The brain twists, the circuits can break, and the damage sends the brain into crisis.
But different parts of the brain can be affected. Concussions typically cause vision problems, disorientation, memory loss, headaches, balance issues, and a host of other ailments as the circuits that undergird these functions go down. It depends on the severity of the injury. If you lose consciousness briefly, and suffer a concussion, 75 to 90 percent of people will fully recover in a few months.
But severe damage to the brain can cause unconsciousness for days, weeks, or even longer. If there is internal bleeding or swelling in the brain, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the brain.
Severe injuries can also cause lasting effects that vary — including memory loss, paralysis , seizures, and lasting behavioral or cognitive changes — depending on the areas of the brain affected. But in those cases, unconsciousness is a symptom of the injury, not a cause of long term deficits.
If the loss of consciousness is very brief — less than a minute — and the other symptoms of a concussion disappear quickly, a visit to a primary care doctor would be sufficient to make sure there is no danger. Doctors will check to make sure there is no internal bleeding or bruising that can be dangerous.
But that is not correct — these are serious injuries that need to be addressed by a doctor or trained professional in order to prevent lasting damage. For athletes, young and old, the risks of a head injury can be mitigated by a lot of factors, including knowledgeable coaches, enforcement of rules meant to limit the risk to players, and even just making sure equipment is in good shape and fits properly.
That single, forceful blow that will instantaneously end a bout is something all combat sports fans crave. And what are the potential ramifications? Quarrie was hit so hard by his opponent that his legs buckled and he fell out of the ring onto the table of shocked spectators. As a result of the fight, Quarrie suffered a severe concussion so bad that it forced doctors to recommend he not return to the ring before November this year.
After being cleared of any serious brain trauma via a CT scan, the Kiwi managed to walk away with relatively minor injuries, suffering short-term headaches and blurred vision. So what actually causes a fighter to be knocked unconscious and receive a concussion? When a person is hit with a large amount of force to their head, it causes the head and neck to jolt in the direction that force is pushing it.
This force then impacts on the movement of the brain. Our brains sit inside the skull, floating in cerebral fluid designed to protect it from trauma. When a fighter is hit hard, the sudden movement shocks the brain, which does not have time to adjust to the rapid acceleration and deceleration of the skull. This in turn causes the brain to move around in the cerebral fluid, colliding with the inside of the skull and causing trauma to the soft tissue of the brain.
The brain inside the skull is floating in fluid 2. It accelerates slower than the rest of the head. This forces it to crash into the inside of the skull when the head stops. When the brain slams into the inside of the skull, it suffers trauma.
It then bounces off the inside of the skull and slams into the opposite side. This causes even more trauma. Depending on the force of the punch, this can happen several times before the brain comes to rest inside the skull.
The trauma to the brain stimulates an overwhelming number of neurotransmitters to fire at the same time. This essentially overloads the nervous system sending it into a state of temporary paralysis. The person who is hit in the jaw loses consciousness and his muscles relax.
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