Though archaeological evidence suggests that the machine was built before Archimedes in ancient Assyria, he is still credited with its invention. Around B. Archimedes was given the task of defending the seaside city and is said to have created a machine which is now famous as the Claw of Archimedes.
It consisted of a hook system to lift and topple ships which approached the walls of the city. The Romans attacked Syracuse at night and the Claw machines sank many of their ships. The plausibility of the Claw of Archimedes was tested in a BBC series and its design was found to be workable. Archimedes is considered an ingenious inventor. Other inventions and discoveries credited to Archimedes include a block-and-tackle pulley system that allowed sailors to use the principle of leverage to lift objects that would otherwise have been too heavy to move; and the odometer , an instrument for measuring the distance traveled by a vehicle.
Archimedes has also been credited with improving the power and accuracy of the catapult. A spectacular machine credited to Archimedes is the heat ray or the death ray. It is said to have used mirrors acting collectively as a parabolic reflector to burn ships attacking Syracuse.
Archimedes was also an astronomer. Roman politician and lawyer Cicero, who lived several centuries after the death of Archimedes, wrote in one of his accounts that after the city of Syracuse was captured and destroyed by the Romans in BC, they brought back a couple of devices which were allegedly built by Archimedes. One device mapped the sky on a sphere and the other predicted the motions of the sun, the moon and the planets. Previously this was considered unlikely. But the discovery of an ancient Greek device with similar capabilities, the Antikythera mechanism , has led many to believe that Archimedes did construct the alleged astronomical devices.
Very good Reply. We use our own and third party cookies to improve your experience and our services; and to analyze your use of our website. No other scientist or inventor has produced as many essential breakthroughs in both theory and practice. All subsequent geniuses have stood on his shoulders. Archimedes was the first to introduce infinitesimals, the foundation of calculus.
He described the first infinite geometric progression, computed the area and volume of the sphere and the area of parabola segments, invented a positional numeral system, created the fields of statics and hydrostatics, discovered the laws of the lever, buoyancy, fluid equilibria, density, the center of gravity, etc. Above: National Museum of Naples. Archimedes also invented the spiral pump still widely used for irrigation in many countries as well as war machines such as improved catapults, ray cannons based on focused sun beams, land-based cranes to lift and sink attacking ships, etc.
Many writings of Archimedes were lost through the burning of the Library of Alexandria, but the surviving work was sufficient to cement his preeminent place in the history of science and technology. Fibonacci web design.
Was Archimedes really the greatest scientist ever? Authors Authors and affiliations Thomas G. Conference paper First Online: 23 April This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Google Scholar. Bell, E. Bendick, J. Chondros, T. De Solla Price D. Dijksterhuis, E.
Dimarogonas, A. Transactions of the Academy of Athens, 48, , Dimarogonas A. Drachmann, A. Eureka, The Journal of the Archimedeans, 53, Heath, T. Heiberg, I. Koetsier, T. A note on its invention and the development of the theory.
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